ASP.NET 大数据分页
背景介绍
在现代Web应用中，处理大量数据是一项常见的任务，对于ASP.NET开发者来说，实现高效的分页机制是至关重要的，尤其是在面对庞大数据集时，本文将详细介绍在ASP.NET环境下如何实现大数据分页，包括使用DataGrid、Sql Server以及一些优化策略。
分页基础概念
分页是一种将大量数据分割成更小、更易管理的块的技术，它不仅提高了性能，还提升了用户体验，以下是一些关键概念：
PageSize: 每页显示的记录数。
CurrentPageIndex: 当前页的索引。
TotalRecords: 总记录数。
TotalPages: 总页数。
实现方法
1. 使用DataGrid和Sql Server实现分页
1.1 简单分页
假设我们有一个包含830条记录的Northwind数据库Orders表，为了实现简单分页，可以使用以下SQL语句：
SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE orderid BETWEEN @StartId AND @EndId -StartId = (CurrentPageIndex 1) * PageSize + 1 -@EndId = CurrentPageIndex * PageSize
这种方法适用于自增且无断号的唯一索引字段。
1.2 复杂分页
如果需要按照其他条件排序或字段存在断号，可以采用以下方案：
方案一：维护一个临时表，记录需要显示的编号排序顺序。
CREATE TABLE ##temptable(
iid INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
mainid INT NOT NULL
)
INSERT INTO ##temptable(mainid) SELECT orderID FROM Orders ORDER BY orderID DESC
SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE orderID IN (SELECT mainid FROM ##temptable WHERE iid BETWEEN @StartId AND @EndId)
DROP TABLE ##temptable
方案二：每次查询都获得最新的编号顺序。
WITH TempTable AS (
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY orderID DESC) AS RowNum, orderID
FROM Orders
)
SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE orderID IN (SELECT orderID FROM TempTable WHERE RowNum BETWEEN @StartId AND @EndId)
使用GridView控件实现分页
GridView是ASP.NET中常用的数据显示控件，但默认分页功能较弱，可以通过以下方式优化：
2.1 配置GridView分页
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" AllowPaging="true" PageSize="5" OnPageIndexChanging="GridView1_PageIndexChanging" runat="server"> </asp:GridView>
2.2 后台代码
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!IsPostBack)
{
BindData();
}
}
private void BindData()
{
// 绑定数据逻辑
}
protected void GridView1_PageIndexChanging(object sender, GridViewPageEventArgs e)
{
GridView1.PageIndex = e.NewPageIndex;
BindData();
}
3. 使用AspNetPager控件实现分页
AspNetPager是一个强大的开源分页控件，可以与GridView结合使用。
3.1 添加引用
需要在项目中添加AspNetPager的引用。
3.2 配置AspNetPager和GridView
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<div>
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server">
</asp:GridView>
<cc1:AspNetPager ID="AspNetPager1" runat="server" OnPageChanging="AspNetPager1_PageChanging" PageSize="4">
</cc1:AspNetPager>
</div>
</form>
3.3 后台代码
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!IsPostBack)
{
BindData();
}
}
private void BindData()
{
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
dt.Columns.Add("ID", typeof(int));
dt.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
dt.Rows.Add(i, "Name" + i);
}
GridView1.DataSource = dt;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
protected void AspNetPager1_PageChanging(object src, Wuqi.Webdiyer.PageChangingEventArgs e)
{
AspNetPager1.CurrentPageIndex = e.NewPageIndex;
BindData();
}
4. 使用ObjectDataSource和自定义分页适配器实现高效分页
在ASP.NET 2.0中，GridView缺少了VirtualItemCount属性，导致分页性能下降，可以通过ObjectDataSource配合自定义分页适配器来实现高效分页。
4.1 创建自定义分页适配器
public class GridViewPagingAdapter : ICollectionSource, ICollectionSourceEx, IListSource, IHierarchicalDataSource, IRaiseItemCancel, ISupportInitializeNotification, ISupportIncrementalLoading, ICancelAddNew, ICancelUpdate, IDeleteItem, IEditItem, IInsertItem, IListManager, IMerge, INotifyPropertyChanging, INotifySubsetChanged, ISectionGetCore, ISectionGetDefault, ISectionGetHeight, ISectionGetTotalHeight, ISectionMap, ISectionMapCollection, ISectionScrollInfo, ISort, ISupportPaging, ISupportSearching, ITransactionMerge, IFactory, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, IListManagerEx, INotifyPropertyChangedEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultexceeded the limit of words
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