ASP.NET 大数据分页

背景介绍

在现代Web应用中，处理大量数据是一项常见的任务，对于ASP.NET开发者来说，实现高效的分页机制是至关重要的，尤其是在面对庞大数据集时，本文将详细介绍在ASP.NET环境下如何实现大数据分页，包括使用DataGrid、Sql Server以及一些优化策略。

分页基础概念

分页是一种将大量数据分割成更小、更易管理的块的技术，它不仅提高了性能，还提升了用户体验，以下是一些关键概念：

PageSize: 每页显示的记录数。

CurrentPageIndex: 当前页的索引。

TotalRecords: 总记录数。

TotalPages: 总页数。

实现方法

1. 使用DataGrid和Sql Server实现分页

1.1 简单分页

假设我们有一个包含830条记录的Northwind数据库Orders表，为了实现简单分页，可以使用以下SQL语句：

SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE orderid BETWEEN @StartId AND @EndId
-StartId = (CurrentPageIndex 1) * PageSize + 1
-@EndId = CurrentPageIndex * PageSize

这种方法适用于自增且无断号的唯一索引字段。

1.2 复杂分页

如果需要按照其他条件排序或字段存在断号，可以采用以下方案：

方案一：维护一个临时表，记录需要显示的编号排序顺序。

CREATE TABLE ##temptable(
    iid INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    mainid INT NOT NULL
)
INSERT INTO ##temptable(mainid) SELECT orderID FROM Orders ORDER BY orderID DESC
SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE orderID IN (SELECT mainid FROM ##temptable WHERE iid BETWEEN @StartId AND @EndId)
DROP TABLE ##temptable

方案二：每次查询都获得最新的编号顺序。

WITH TempTable AS (
    SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY orderID DESC) AS RowNum, orderID
    FROM Orders
)
SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE orderID IN (SELECT orderID FROM TempTable WHERE RowNum BETWEEN @StartId AND @EndId)

使用GridView控件实现分页

GridView是ASP.NET中常用的数据显示控件，但默认分页功能较弱，可以通过以下方式优化：

2.1 配置GridView分页

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" AllowPaging="true" PageSize="5" OnPageIndexChanging="GridView1_PageIndexChanging" runat="server">
</asp:GridView>

2.2 后台代码

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (!IsPostBack)
    {
        BindData();
    }
}
private void BindData()
{
    // 绑定数据逻辑
}
protected void GridView1_PageIndexChanging(object sender, GridViewPageEventArgs e)
{
    GridView1.PageIndex = e.NewPageIndex;
    BindData();
}

3. 使用AspNetPager控件实现分页

AspNetPager是一个强大的开源分页控件，可以与GridView结合使用。

3.1 添加引用

需要在项目中添加AspNetPager的引用。

3.2 配置AspNetPager和GridView

<form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div>
        <asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server">
        </asp:GridView>
        <cc1:AspNetPager ID="AspNetPager1" runat="server" OnPageChanging="AspNetPager1_PageChanging" PageSize="4">
        </cc1:AspNetPager>
    </div>
</form>

3.3 后台代码

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (!IsPostBack)
    {
        BindData();
    }
}
private void BindData()
{
    DataTable dt = new DataTable();
    dt.Columns.Add("ID", typeof(int));
    dt.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        dt.Rows.Add(i, "Name" + i);
    }
    GridView1.DataSource = dt;
    GridView1.DataBind();
}
protected void AspNetPager1_PageChanging(object src, Wuqi.Webdiyer.PageChangingEventArgs e)
{
    AspNetPager1.CurrentPageIndex = e.NewPageIndex;
    BindData();
}

4. 使用ObjectDataSource和自定义分页适配器实现高效分页

在ASP.NET 2.0中，GridView缺少了VirtualItemCount属性，导致分页性能下降，可以通过ObjectDataSource配合自定义分页适配器来实现高效分页。

4.1 创建自定义分页适配器

public class GridViewPagingAdapter : ICollectionSource, ICollectionSourceEx, IListSource, IHierarchicalDataSource, IRaiseItemCancel, ISupportInitializeNotification, ISupportIncrementalLoading, ICancelAddNew, ICancelUpdate, IDeleteItem, IEditItem, IInsertItem, IListManager, IMerge, INotifyPropertyChanging, INotifySubsetChanged, ISectionGetCore, ISectionGetDefault, ISectionGetHeight, ISectionGetTotalHeight, ISectionMap, ISectionMapCollection, ISectionScrollInfo, ISort, ISupportPaging, ISupportSearching, ITransactionMerge, IFactory, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, IListManagerEx, INotifyPropertyChangedEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultEx, ISectionGetHeightEx, ISectionGetTotalHeightEx, ISectionMapEx, ISectionMapCollectionEx, ISectionScrollInfoEx, ISortEx, ISupportPagingEx, ISupportSearchingEx, ITransactionMergeEx, IFactoryEx, INotifyPropertyChangingEx, INotifySubsetChangedEx, ISectionGetCoreEx, ISectionGetDefaultexceeded the limit of words

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