以下是Debian软件源配置指南：

备份原始文件

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

配置国内源（以清华源为例）

• 方法一：直接编辑/etc/apt/sources.list

  sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
  

  将内容替换为（根据系统版本替换bookworm等代号）：

  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
  deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
  deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
  deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
  deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
  deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
  

• 方法二：使用DEB822格式（推荐） 在/etc/apt/sources.list.d/目录下创建.sources文件，如debian.sources：

  sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources
  

  添加内容：

  Types: deb deb-src
  URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian
  Suites: bookworm bookworm-updates bookworm-security
  Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
  Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg
  

更新软件包列表

sudo apt update