Golang在Linux下的网络编程如何实现

在Linux下使用Golang进行网络编程，主要涉及到TCP、UDP和Unix Domain Socket等协议。以下是一些基本的示例和说明：

TCP

服务器端

package main

import (
 "bufio"
 "fmt"
 "net"
 "os"
)

func main() {
 listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":8080")
 if err != nil {
  fmt.Println("Error listening:", err.Error())
  os.Exit(1)
 }
 defer listener.Close()

 fmt.Println("Listening on :8080")

 for {
  conn, err := listener.Accept()
  if err != nil {
   fmt.Println("Error accepting:", err.Error())
   continue
  }
  go handleRequest(conn)
 }
}

func handleRequest(conn net.Conn) {
 defer conn.Close()

 reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
 message, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
 if err != nil {
  fmt.Println("Error reading:", err.Error())
  return
 }
 fmt.Print("Received message: ", string(message))
 conn.Write([]byte("Message received\n"))
}

客户端

package main

import (
 "bufio"
 "fmt"
 "net"
 "os"
)

func main() {
 conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:8080")
 if err != nil {
  fmt.Println("Error connecting:", err.Error())
  os.Exit(1)
 }
 defer conn.Close()

 fmt.Print("Enter message: ")
 reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
 message, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')

 _, err = conn.Write([]byte(message))
 if err != nil {
  fmt.Println("Error sending:", err.Error())
  return
 }

 response, err := bufio.NewReader(conn).ReadString('\n')
 if err != nil {
  fmt.Println("Error receiving:", err.Error())
  return
 }
 fmt.Print("Received response: ", response)
}

UDP

服务器端

package main

import (
 "fmt"
 "net"
)

func main() {
 address, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", ":8080")
 if err != nil {
  panic(err)
 }

 conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", address)
 if err != nil {
  panic(err)
 }
 defer conn.Close()

 fmt.Println("Listening on :8080")

 buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
 for {
  n, addr, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
  if err != nil {
   fmt.Println("Error reading:", err.Error())
   continue
  }
  fmt.Printf("Received message from %s: %s\n", addr.String(), string(buffer[:n]))
  conn.WriteToUDP([]byte("Message received"), addr)
 }
}

客户端

package main

import (
 "fmt"
 "net"
)

func main() {
 address, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", "localhost:8080")
 if err != nil {
  panic(err)
 }

 conn, err := net.DialUDP("udp", nil, address)
 if err != nil {
  panic(err)
 }
 defer conn.Close()

 message := "Hello, UDP server!"
 _, err = conn.Write([]byte(message))
 if err != nil {
  fmt.Println("Error sending:", err.Error())
  return
 }

 buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
 n, _, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
 if err != nil {
  fmt.Println("Error receiving:", err.Error())
  return
 }
 fmt.Printf("Received response: %s\n", string(buffer[:n]))
}

Unix Domain Socket

服务器端

package main

import (
 "fmt"
 "net"
 "os"
)

func main() {
 socketPath := "/tmp/uds.sock"
 os.Remove(socketPath)

 address, err := net.ResolveUnixAddr("unix", socketPath)
 if err != nil {
  panic(err)
 }

 conn, err := net.ListenUnix("unix", address)
 if err != nil {
  panic(err)
 }
 defer conn.Close()

 fmt.Println("Listening on", socketPath)

 for {
  clientConn, err := conn.AcceptUnix()
  if err != nil {
   fmt.Println("Error accepting:", err.Error())
   continue
  }
  go handleRequest(clientConn)
 }
}

func handleRequest(conn *net.UnixConn) {
 defer conn.Close()

 buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
 n, err := conn.Read(buffer)
 if err != nil {
  fmt.Println("Error reading:", err.Error())
  return
 }
 fmt.Print("Received message: ", string(buffer[:n]))
 conn.Write([]byte("Message received\n"))
}

客户端

package main

import (
 "fmt"
 "net"
 "os"
)

func main() {
 socketPath := "/tmp/uds.sock"

 address, err := net.ResolveUnixAddr("unix", socketPath)
 if err != nil {
  panic(err)
 }

 conn, err := net.DialUnix("unix", nil, address)
 if err != nil {
  panic(err)
 }
 defer conn.Close()

 message := "Hello, Unix Domain Socket server!"
 _, err = conn.Write([]byte(message))
 if err != nil {
  fmt.Println("Error sending:", err.Error())
  return
 }

 buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
 n, err := conn.Read(buffer)
 if err != nil {
  fmt.Println("Error receiving:", err.Error())
  return
 }
 fmt.Printf("Received response: %s\n", string(buffer[:n]))
}

这些示例展示了如何在Linux下使用Golang进行基本的网络编程。你可以根据需要扩展和修改这些示例以满足你的需求。