一、技术架构设计
在线文档浏览系统的核心在于实现文档的云端存储、格式解析与动态渲染。系统采用分层架构设计:
- 前端展示层:基于HTML5 Canvas或PDF.js实现文档分页渲染,支持缩放、翻页等交互
- 服务控制层:Spring Boot框架构建RESTful API,处理文档上传、转换、分页请求
- 文档处理层:Apache POI处理Office文档,iText处理PDF,结合自定义解析器处理特殊格式
- 存储层:MinIO对象存储保存原始文件,Redis缓存分页数据提升访问性能
示例配置:
// Spring Boot基础配置@Configurationpublic class AppConfig {@Beanpublic DocumentConverter documentConverter() {return new CompositeConverter(new OfficeConverter(),new PdfConverter());}@Beanpublic StorageService storageService() {return new MinioStorageService("http://minio:9000", "access-key", "secret-key");}}
二、文档解析与转换实现
1. Office文档处理
使用Apache POI实现docx/xlsx解析:
public class OfficeConverter {public PageData convert(MultipartFile file, int pageNum) throws IOException {XWPFDocument doc = new XWPFDocument(file.getInputStream());List<XWPFParagraph> paras = doc.getParagraphs();// 分页逻辑:按段落高度计算分页int currentHeight = 0;List<String> pageContent = new ArrayList<>();for (XWPFParagraph para : paras) {float paraHeight = calculateHeight(para);if (currentHeight + paraHeight > PageConfig.HEIGHT) {if (!pageContent.isEmpty()) break; // 简单分页示例}pageContent.add(para.getText());currentHeight += paraHeight;}return new PageData(pageNum, String.join("\n", pageContent));}private float calculateHeight(XWPFParagraph para) {// 实际实现需考虑字体、字号等样式因素return para.getRuns().stream().mapToDouble(r -> r.getFont().getFontSize() * 0.35) // 估算高度.sum();}}
2. PDF文档处理
结合iText与PDFBox实现精确渲染:
public class PdfConverter {public PageData convert(byte[] pdfData, int pageNum) throws IOException {PDDocument document = PDDocument.load(pdfData);PDPage page = document.getPage(pageNum - 1);PDFRenderer renderer = new PDFRenderer(document);BufferedImage image = renderer.renderImage(pageNum - 1, 1.0f);// 转换为Base64供前端显示ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();ImageIO.write(image, "png", baos);return new PageData(pageNum, "data:image/png;base64," + Base64.encode(baos.toByteArray()));}}
三、核心功能实现
1. 动态分页加载
采用”按需加载”策略优化性能:
@RestController@RequestMapping("/api/document")public class DocumentController {@Autowiredprivate DocumentService documentService;@GetMapping("/{docId}/page/{pageNum}")public ResponseEntity<PageData> getPage(@PathVariable String docId,@PathVariable int pageNum,@RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") int pageSize) {// 从缓存获取或实时解析PageData pageData = documentService.getPage(docId, pageNum);return ResponseEntity.ok(pageData);}}
2. 多格式支持方案
通过策略模式实现格式适配:
public interface DocumentParser {boolean supports(String format);PageData parse(InputStream stream, int pageNum);}@Servicepublic class ParserFactory {private final Map<String, DocumentParser> parsers = new HashMap<>();@Autowiredpublic ParserFactory(List<DocumentParser> parserList) {parserList.forEach(p -> {for (String fmt : p.supportedFormats()) {parsers.put(fmt, p);}});}public DocumentParser getParser(String format) {return parsers.getOrDefault(format.toLowerCase(), new DefaultParser());}}
四、性能优化策略
1. 缓存机制设计
@Configurationpublic class CacheConfig {@Beanpublic CacheManager cacheManager() {RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig().entryTtl(Duration.ofMinutes(30)).disableCachingNullValues();return RedisCacheManager.builder(RedisConnectionFactory).cacheDefaults(config).withInitialCacheConfigurations(Map.of("documentPages", RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig().entryTtl(Duration.ofMinutes(5)))).build();}}
2. 异步处理方案
使用Spring的@Async实现耗时操作异步化:
@Servicepublic class AsyncDocumentService {@Asyncpublic CompletableFuture<DocumentPreview> generatePreview(MultipartFile file) {// 异步生成文档缩略图return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(new DocumentPreview(...));}}
五、安全控制实现
1. 权限验证
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('USER') && @documentPermission.hasAccess(principal, #docId)")@GetMapping("/{docId}")public DocumentMeta getDocument(@PathVariable String docId) {// 返回文档元数据}@Componentpublic class DocumentPermissionEvaluator {public boolean hasAccess(User user, String docId) {// 实现基于数据库的权限检查return documentRepository.existsByIdAndOwner(docId, user.getId())|| documentRepository.existsByIdAndSharedWith(docId, user.getId());}}
2. 防盗链机制
@Configurationpublic class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {@Overrideprotected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/api/document/**").authenticated().and().addFilterAfter(new RefererFilter(), OncePerRequestFilter.class);}}public class RefererFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {@Overrideprotected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) {String referer = request.getHeader("Referer");if (referer == null || !referer.contains(allowedDomain)) {response.sendError(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN.value());return;}chain.doFilter(request, response);}}
六、部署与扩展方案
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容器化部署:Dockerfile示例
FROM openjdk:11-jre-slimWORKDIR /appCOPY target/document-viewer.jar app.jarEXPOSE 8080CMD ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]
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水平扩展策略:
- 使用Nginx实现负载均衡
- 文档处理服务无状态化设计
- Redis集群存储会话数据
- 监控方案:
# Prometheus监控配置management:metrics:export:prometheus:enabled: trueendpoint:metrics:enabled: trueprometheus:enabled: true
七、实践建议
- 渐进式实现:先支持PDF/图片格式,再扩展Office文档
- 错误处理:实现优雅的降级方案,如格式不支持时返回原始文件下载
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测试策略:
- 使用Testcontainers进行集成测试
- 编写性能测试脚本验证分页加载速度
- 实现混沌工程测试系统容错能力
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扩展方向:
- 添加文档协作编辑功能
- 实现OCR文字识别
- 增加AI摘要生成模块
本方案通过Java生态工具链实现了文档在线浏览的核心功能,开发者可根据实际需求调整技术选型和实现细节。实际部署时建议先进行小规模测试,逐步优化性能瓶颈点。