l 定义服务(Service)
如果想要将消息类型用在RPC(远程方法调用)系统中,可以在.proto文件中定义一个RPC服务接口,protocol buffer编译器将会根据所选择的不同语言生成服务接口代码及存根。如,想要定义一个RPC服务并具有一个方法,该方法能够接收 SearchRequest并返回一个SearchResponse,此时可以在.proto文件中进行如下定义:
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service SearchService {
rpc Search (SearchRequest) returns (SearchResponse);
}
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protocol编译器将产生一个抽象接口SearchService以及一个相应的存根实现。存根将所有的调用指向RpcChannel,它是一 个抽象接口,必须在RPC系统中对该接口进行实现。如,可以实现RpcChannel以完成序列化消息并通过HTTP方式来发送到一个服务器。换句话说, 产生的存根提供了一个类型安全的接口用来完成基于protocolbuffer的RPC调用,而不是将你限定在一个特定的RPC的实现中。C++中的代码 如下所示:
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using google::protobuf;
protobuf::RpcChannel* channel; protobuf::RpcController* controller; SearchService* service; SearchRequest request; SearchResponse response;
void DoSearch() { // You provide classes MyRpcChannel and MyRpcController, which implement // the abstract interfaces protobuf::RpcChannel and protobuf::RpcController. channel = new MyRpcChannel("somehost.example.com:1234"); controller = new MyRpcController;
// The protocol compiler generates the SearchService class based on the // definition given above.
service = new SearchService::Stub(channel); // Set up the request. request.set_query("protocol buffers");
// Execute the RPC. service->Search(controller, request, response, protobuf::NewCallback(&Done)); }
void Done() { delete service; delete channel; delete controller; }
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所有service类都必须实现Service接口,它提供了一种用来调用具体方法的方式,即在编译期不需要知道方法名及它的输入、输出类型。在服务器端,通过服务注册它可以被用来实现一个RPC Server。
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using google::protobuf; class ExampleSearchService : public SearchService { public: void Search(protobuf::RpcController* controller, const SearchRequest* request, SearchResponse* response, protobuf::Closure* done) { if (request->query() == "google") { response->add_result()->set_url("http://www.google.com"); } else if (request->query() == "protocol buffers") { response->add_result()->set_url("http://protobuf.googlecode.com"); } done->Run(); } }; int main() { // You provide class MyRpcServer. It does not have to implement any // particular interface; this is just an example. MyRpcServer server; protobuf::Service* service = new ExampleSearchService; server.ExportOnPort(1234, service); server.Run(); delete service; return 0; }
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