Python-Selemium元素定位

2024年4月21日 互联网

目录

    • 一、html
    • 二、WebElement
    • 三、id与name属性选择
    • 四、tag与class名称选择
    • 五、css选择器
    • 六、xpath
    • 七、链接定位

Selenium常用：
Python-Selenium基本操作

Python-Selemium元素定位

Python-Selenium操作鼠标键盘Cookie

一、html

下面的html文件是后面要使用到的form.html，页面大概如下：

form页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>查找元素</title><meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body><div id="container"><form>user:<input type="text" name="user" id="user"><br /><br />email:<input type="text" name="email" id="email"><br /><br />male:<input type="radio" name="sex" id="male" checked="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;female:<input type="radio" name="sex" id="female"><br /><br />读书:<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" id="read" checked="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;电影:<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" id="movie">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;运动:<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" id="sport"><br /><br />语言：<select><option value="Python" id="python">Python</option><option value="Java" id="java" selected="selected">Java</option><option value="C++" id="cpp">C++</option></select><br /><br /><button type="submit">提交</button><button type="reset">重置</button></form></div><div><a href="abc" class="aele">abc</a><br /><a href="bbc" class="aele">bbc</a><br /><a href="def" class="aele">def</a><br /></div>
</body>
</html>

二、WebElement

方法属性 说明
id_ 获取元素的ID
tag_name 获取元素标签名
text 获取元素的文本
click() 单击元素
submit() 提交表单
clear() 清除一个文本输入元素的文本
get_attribute() 获得元素属性值
is_selected() 判断元素是否被选中
is_enabled() 判断元素是否可用
send_keys() 在输入框里输入内容

没有括号的是属性，有括号的是方法

三、id与name属性选择

find_element_by_id(id_)
find_elements_by_id(id_)
find_element_by_name(attr_name)
find_elements_by_name(attr_name)

from selenium import webdriverdriver = webdriver.Firefox()file_path = r'file:///F:\tmp\form.html'
driver.get(file_path)user_ele = driver.find_element_by_id("user")
# text
print(user_ele.get_attribute("type"))
# input
print(user_ele.tag_name)
# True
print(user_ele.is_enabled())
# 将改元素输入值curitis
user_ele.send_keys("curitis")sex_ele = driver.find_element_by_name("sex")
# <class 'selenium.webdriver.firefox.webelement.FirefoxWebElement'>
print(type(sex_ele))
# True
print(sex_ele.is_selected())
# male
print(sex_ele.get_attribute("id"))sex_eles = driver.find_elements_by_name("sex")
# <class 'list'>
print(type(sex_eles))
# True male|True male|
for ele in sex_eles:print(" ".join([str(sex_ele.is_selected()), str(sex_ele.get_attribute("id"))]), end="|")print()
python_ele = driver.find_element_by_id("python")
# False
print(python_ele.is_selected())
java_ele = driver.find_element_by_id("java")
# True
print(java_ele.is_selected())

四、tag与class名称选择

find_element_by_tag_name(tag_name)
find_elements_by_tag_name(tag_name)
find_element_by_class_name(class_name)
find_elements_by_class_name(class_name)

from selenium import webdriveroptions = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
options.headless = True
driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)file_path = r'file:///F:\tmp\form.html'
driver.get(file_path)aele = driver.find_element_by_tag_name("a")
# abc
print(aele.text)aeles = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name("a")
# abc bbc def
for aele in aeles:print(aele.text, end=" ")print()
aele = driver.find_element_by_class_name("aele")
# abc
print(aele.text)aeles = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("aele")
# abc bbc def
for aele in aeles:print(aele.text, end=" ")

五、css选择器

find_element_by_css_selector(css_selector)
find_elements_by_css_selector(css_selector)

from selenium import webdriveroptions = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
options.headless = True
driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)file_path = r'file:///F:\tmp\form.html'
driver.get(file_path)pytho_sele = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#python")
# Python
print(pytho_sele.get_attribute("value"))aele = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".aele")
# abc
print(aele.text)aeles = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(".aele")
# abc bbc def
for aele in aeles:print(aele.text, end=" ")

六、xpath

find_element_by_xpath(xpath)
find_elements_by_xpath(xpath)

from selenium import webdriveroptions = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
options.headless = True
driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)file_path = r'file:///F:\tmp\form.html'
driver.get(file_path)# 查找id为email的input
print(driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='email']").get_attribute("id"))# div后的a的倒数第2个
print(driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div/a[last()-1]").text)
# div下的第一个a
print(driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div/a[position()<2]").text)# div下a标签下有个文本包含'e'的元素
print(driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div/a[contains(text(),'e')]").text)# div下href='bbc'的a标签
print(driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div/a[@href='bbc']").text)

七、链接定位

find_element_by_link_text(link_text)
find_elements_by_link_text(link_text)
find_element_by_partial_link_text(partial_link_text)
find_elements_by_partial_link_text(partial_link_text)

from selenium import webdriveroptions = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
options.headless = True
driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)file_path = r'file:///F:\tmp\form.html'
driver.get(file_path)# 必须完全匹配
print(driver.find_element_by_link_text("abc").get_attribute("href"))
# print(driver.find_element_by_link_text("a"))# 只要标签文本中包含b就可以
btxt = driver.find_elements_by_partial_link_text("b")
for txt in btxt:print(txt.get_attribute("href"))
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